WinFOLIA is for Leaf Analysis

The WinFOLIA Software Program is available in three versions: Basic, Reg & Pro

WinFOLIA Basic is our entry level low cost solution for leaf analysis. This version mimics the functionality of portable leaf area meters. It measures the leaf area, length and width in a simple manner as done with those devices (in the horizontal and vertical directions), perimeter, holes area and some other measurements (see table below).

WinFOLIA Reg has all the Basic version’s measurements plus some morphological measurements that are specific to leaves. E.g. it can differentiate the blade from the petiole so that you can choose to have the petiole included or not in the measurements of area, length and perimeter. It can measure width in different ways and lobe and apex angles too. This version also has more features, like the possibility of adding observations, doing user defined interactive measurements and a few more.

WinFOLIA Pro has all the Reg version’s measurements plus some extended morphological measurements (such as Fractals, envelope - convex hull, teeth...). This version also has color analysis that can be used for disease, necrosis and insect damage quantification.

Measurements per WinFOLIA software version

Measurements	Basic	Reg	Pro	Description
Automatic Leaves count	√	√	√	The number of valid leaves in the analysed region. They must not touch each other.
Leaf projected area (total, average & individual)	√	√	√	Leaves area (blade+petiole) projected on a 2D plan (the scanner glass).
Leaf length	√	√	√	In the Vertical direction, by 2 mthods. (Leaf length = Blade length + Petiole length)
Leaf maximum and average width	√	√	√	In the Horizontal direction, by 2 mthods.
Leaf aspect ratio	√	√	√	Ratio of horizontal width to vertical length.
Leaf perimeter	√	√	√	Perimeter (blade+petiole) measured on the 2D projected area on the scanner glass.
Leaf form coefficient	√	√	√	A numerical value which grade the leaf shape between circular (shortest perimeter for a given area) and filliform (longest perimeter for a given area).
Holes area (total & individual)	√	√	√	Total area of holes in the blade and optionally their individual areas.
Blade area (individual)		√	√	Without petiole.
Blade & petiole length		√	√	Leaf length = Blade length + Petiole length.
Blade maximum & average width		√	√	Perpendicular to blade length.
Blade perimeter		√	√	Without petiole.
Blade width at 2 user definable positions		√	√	User chooses two % of blade length where blade widths are measured.
Lobe angle at 2 user definable positions		√	√	User chooses two % of blade length where blade lobe angles are measured.
Apex angle at 2 user definable positions		√	√	User chooses two % of blade length where blade apex angles are measured.
Interactive user definable lengths and angles		√	√	To manually measure any object (interactively).
Operator observations		√	√	Does not affect the measurements, are there for notation purposes.
Color analysis (area quantification per color)			√	For disease quantification, debris filtering and an alternative method of leaves distinction from background.
Leaves color classification			√	Classify leaves into groups based on areas of colors present on them (using different adjustable criteria).
Envelope area			√	Length of a line that goes from the blade's tooth to tooth on their apex.
Teeth height, width and count			√	Counts and measures the height and width of the blade's teeth.
Fractals			√	For leaves shape analysis. Can be done on all leaves pixels (area) or their perimeter.

The Reg and Pro versions can measure the area and length of the blade and the petiole separately or together (as a whole).

All versions can produce total and average leaf area (for all leaves in the image) as well as individual areas (per leaf).

All versions can measure perimeter (blade+petiole) but only the Reg and Pro versions can measure the blade perimeter without the petiole.

Leaf or blade Maximum Length and Width can be measured in different ways. The simplest method is available in all versions. Leaf length is measured as the largest distance between the highest and lowest points belonging to the leaf in the vertical direction (on the same vertical line) and width is the distance between the leftmost and rightmost points in the horizontal direction (on the same horizontal line).

Length and Width can also be measured as the vertical and horizontal size of the leaf bounding box (distance between the leaf leftmost and rightmost boundary points), but unlike the above method, these do not have to be on the same line. Average width is the average of all widths measured along the leaf.

With the Reg and Pro versions, Length can be measured as the distance between the apex and petiole-blade junction (any orientation) and Width as the largest width perpendicular to blade length. These versions can also measure width at two different positions that you specify along the blade length.

The envelope is the length of a line that goes from tooth to tooth on their apex. The area covered by the envelope can be measured by WinFOLIA Pro.

Teeth height, width and count.

Fractals are a mean of quantifying the complexity of a leaf shape.

Tooth
(yellow)

Envelope
(magenta)

WinFOLIA Pro can quantify the area per color, measure its dominant one and classify leaves in function of it or other criteria (it can classify a leaf as diseased if the diseased color group has the largest area or is larger than a given percentage). The leaf color classification can be seen on screen. Colors of interest are specified to WinFOLIA simply by clicking the image. Classes can be grouped in order to measure areas with more than one color (e.g. the diseased area may contain brown and yellow). The classification is done by true color analysis in 24 or 48 bits color space, not using a simple color threshold as in some other leaf analysis programs.

Features per WinFOLIA software version

Features	Basic	Reg	Pro	Description
XLFolia software	√	√	√	For data produced by WinFOLIA visualisation and analysis in Excel.
Defects and debris automatic filtering based on area and image smoothing	√	√	√	To remove debris and smooth out leaves edges when they are rough.
Measurements visible over the images	√	√	√	Lines indicates where and how length, width, perimeter… were measured.
Corrections can be done by the operator	√	√	√	By adjusting analysis settings or manually rejecting leaves.
Rectangular Analysed and Exclusion Regions	√	√	√	Choose the region of the image to analyse or exclude it (rectangular form).
Circular and Free Style Analysed and Exclusion Regions		√	√	Choose the region of the image to analyse or exclude it (circular or irregular shape).
Defects and debris automatic filtering based on multiple criteria		√	√	Based on different criteria (length, width, perimeter, form coefficient, aspect ratio and for the Pro version color).
Batch analysis		√	√	Analyse images in lots without operator supervision.
Image edition		√	√	Removes artefacts, debris or defects.
Multiple documents		√	√	Analyse up to 16 samples simultaneously in different WinSEEDLE's main window.
Histogram of leaves distribution		√	√	Displays seedles distribution in function of different morphological data (area, length, width…).
Histogram of color areas distribution			√	Displays area distribution in function of color.
Automatic Background detection based on color			√	For images acquired with a camera when background doesn't cover the whole image.
Background uneveness compensation			√	Removes lighting non-uniformity (note: it's better to do it before image acquisition).


In this example a damaged leaf boundary is closed with image edition using the pen tool so that holes on its edge can be measured automatically by WinFOLIA.		In this example a damaged leaf area is filled in brown using image edition with the brush tool (a lasso is also available). Drawing a region the same color as the leaf allows to include it in leaf area while drawing it a different color allows to measure it in the holes or background area.

•The Pixels classification is the separation of image pixels (picture elements) into the leaf and background groups (a prerequisite for accurate measurements). This process can be done automatically (with user validation using different methods in function of the WinFOLIA version) or manually. If there are wrong classifications in some image areas, the operator can override it interactively by first selecting that area (outlining it) and changing the classification parameters.

•During the analysis you can view the leaf area (color or other morphological parameters) distribution into classes that you choose in a graphic above the image.

Miscellaneous

Data produced by WinFOLIA are saved in standard ASCII text files. They can easily be opened by statistical or spreadsheet programs such as Microsoft Excel. The analysis settings are saved with the measurements data, which is useful to make verifications or quality control on the measurements. Furthermore, when an image is saved to a file after it has been analysed, the analysis is also saved with it and when such file is later opened in WinFOLIA, the analysis is recreated.

WinFOLIA comes with printed (and pdf) color manuals which are abundantly illustrated. Like all of Regent Instruments’ products, it is backed with prompt and competent technical support by email (messages are typically answered within one hour when they are received on working hours Eastern time America). WinFOLIA is updated regularly to add new features or to keep it on par with new operating systems.

WinFOLIA has a companion program called WinSEEDLE for conifer needles and seeds analysis. Both programs can share the same image acquisition hardware (you must specify it at purchase time). A rebate is offered when both products are purchased together. WinFOLIA and WinSEEDLE are members of a family of products sold by Regent Instruments for plant science research and analysis. Among the other products you will find WinRHIZO for root analysis and WinDENDRO for tree ring analysis. See the Product section of our web site for more information.

XLFolia is a software program to classify and visualize data produced by WinFOLIA. It is made as a set of macros that runs in Excel (not included). These add a menu (named XLFolia) to Excel's standard menus. The latter contains commands to process WinFOLIA's data and create graphics very easily. Excel's standard commands remain available, allowing you to add your own processings and graphics.

	Image Analysis for Plant Science

Regent Instruments Inc.	since 1991